The Concept Of Media Framing

The Concept Of Media Framing In this paper, we analyze the concept of media framing in relation to the construction of a mosque at ground zero. We identify the various frames used by various media houses in America and compare and contrast them. We analyze the related literature and the basic concepts involved in media framing. A general overview of the concept of media framing is also provided. Entman (1993) describes framing as a scattered concept where previous researchers lack clear conceptual meanings and depend on context-based definitions, rather than general applicability. Brosius and Eps (1995) proceeds that framing may not be clear in explication and generally used but can be seen as a metaphor which does not convert directly into research setting. While different authors agree that there is lack of commonality in the definition of this term, people have often used the term frame to refer to similar but different approaches. For this particular article, I now use the term framing to refer to the way media houses use mind-controlling technique to gain readership and viewership by providing what appears to be new but intricately woven to control the thought process and opinions. Concept of Media Framing Framing can be compared to the setting of agenda or opinion but stretches the research by pin pointing the issues that area at hand instead of a particular topic. Framing theory makes the media take an issue and then places it to connote a new meaning or opinion. It is a very important technique since make the media tailor he thoughts of the masses towards a particular direction hence they become opinion leaders. When the media selects topics, they direct the people where and what to think. When journalists choose a frame, they make sure that they even provide a structure in such a way that their audience only interpret what is provided. A frame is a notion which serves to organize or direct social meaning to a given issue at hand. Their intention is to make the targeted audience to think about the news bulletin or article and how to think about it. Media framing at Ground Zero Mosque Construction This article looks at the myths, stories, metaphors, and narratives and traditions that the media employed to capture the attention of the American citizens and the wiorld at large and cause the proposal to construct ground zero mosque a big story. While research has shown that the proposed Islamic Cultural Center and Mosque was not to be constructed at the ill-fated World Trade Center site, the frames that were used clearly depicts that the media conditioned the thoughts of the audience to think in a particular direction. CNNs framing of the Mosque at Ground Zero Numbers as a frame The very dominant frame used by CNN in the framing of the mosque at ground zero is numbers. They used extremely large statistics in order to show how grave the situation was being objected by Americans. They purported that a poll they conducted revealed that 68% of Americans opposed the construction of the ground zero mosque (McCormack, 2010).This is as postulated by Stone (2002). Islamophobic phrases as a frame CNN televised mind-boggling Islamophobes on several occasions and if not all, Geller who once advocated for the destruction of Jerusalems Dome of Rock, which is a Moslems revered sites, and one who once depicted Muhammad with the face of a pig in her website (FAIR Blog, 2010) had appeared twice on the CNNs network between May and August 2010 to state her position on the proposed construction. Her appearance and her contribution direct people to her perception of what Islam is about. Consequently, CNN by close extension frame the issue of proposed mosque construction and become opinion carrier and disseminates the same to the audience. This media house, ought to have stated the factual reports without tilting towards anti-Moslem crusaders. Cooper 360 (2010) gave Fischer television airtime to contribute that Islam is totalitarian and that it is anti-Christian and seeks the extermination of Western ideology on civilization. Another segment of Cooper (2010) of Anderson Cooper featured Benham of prolife, anti-Islam crusade Operation Save America, where Islam was termed as a lie from hell. This is in fact use of depiction as a framing device to cause the listeners to imagine, ponder and magnify a Muslim-dominated America. Conceptualization of media framing Framing theory Extant literature has been dedicated to the concept of media framing. This literature can be categorized into four broad stages. The initial stage which gives an account of media framing that occurred between the 1920s and the 1930s was characterized by event that occurred during the World War I such as propaganda effects as well as its beliefs regarding beliefs on the influence of media on the attitude of people (Scheufele, 1999). The second phase took place between the 1930s and the 1960s and was marked by issues that tended to put forward the gravity and nee of personal experience in the process of changing the attitude of people. The researchers who noted this did believe that the main media effect was concentrated on the reinforcement of the attitude that were already in existence as postulated by Klapper (1960). The study of the third stage which took place between 1970s and 1980s gave life to the new media effects that were even stronger. The focus of the media was however rap idly shifted from attitude changes to more cognitive based effects as outlined by Noelle-Neumann (1973). The fourth stage which has been running from 1980s to present has been heavily marred by elements of social constructivism, as shown by the work of scholars such as Berger and Luckmann (1966), Gamson and Modigliani(1989) and Tuchman (1978) who are all social scientists. The other portion of literature on this stage of media effects has also been researched and discussed by political scientists such as Ivengar (1991) and Scheufele (1999).The concept of social constructivism attempts to make an explanation on the possible relationships that exists between media and the audience via a combination of elements of strong as well as limited media effects in the domain of mass media. The work of Gamson and Modigliani (1989, p. 2) categorically expressed the fact that Media discourse is part of the process by which individuals construct meaning, and public opinion is part of the process by which journalistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦develop and crystallize meaning in public discourse. The work of Gamson and Modigliani (1987) further portrays the real essence of media framing as being the main organizing idea or rather the story line that gives a meaning to certain upholding string of events. The frames therefore do suggest what a certain controversy is about as well as the real essence of the issue involved (Gamson and Modigliani, 1987, p. 143). Entman (1993) however points out that the meaning of a frame is tied down to the selection of certain aspects of a reality which is perceived in order to make them salient so as to promote a certain definition of a problem, its moral evaluation, causal meaning as well as the treatment of the recommendations (Entman, 1993, p. 52). The work of Iyengar (1991) made a differentiation between the thematic and episodic media frames. These episodic media frames are a depiction of public media issues which in essence are concrete instances as well as specific events that come about as a result of individualistic actions. The thematic framing reports on the other side are a systematic reflection of the problems that take place in our society on a level that is considered abstract but with outcomes that are general. The media framing of the Mosque at ground Zero is a perfect example of thematic framing Media framing and elements of public deliberation The work of Simon and Xenos (2000) on media framing was concentrated on the analysis of media framing in order to research the influence of public deliberation that is actively involved in the process of social creation as well as the changes that occur in our society over a period of time. They point out that deliberation is a process involving political argumentation that moves on through a process of discursive giving and taking. The effects are therefore intricately linked to the media framing effects as was indicative in their research (Simon and Xenos, 2000, p. 367). Media framing and the reasoning devices The work of Gamson and Lasch (1983) came up with an identification of various framing as well as reasoning devices that can be utilized as a combination in order to create frames. The framing devices include metaphors, exemplars, and visual images, depictions and metaphors. These do suggest a framework to be used in viewing of the issues involved. The reasoning devices on the other side include roots, appeal principles and consequences. They are used in the provision of justification and reasons for the general positions that are adopted (Gamson and Lasch, 1983, p. 399).The work of Stone (2002) makes an addition to the list of devices that include synecdoche as well as numbers. Synecdoche refers to figure of speech which represents an idea in its entirety or in parts. Numbers on the other hand are used as a method of describing a certain phenomena as well as events using measurements. The most favorite technique is the use of ether abnormally large or small numbers in order to dramatize an idea as pointed out by Stone (2002, p. 137) Media framing as depicted by other channels and newspapers The trouble started with anti-Muslim activists when they suggested that the proposal a ploy by Muslims in American to conquer the memorial site of the September Eleven attacks (Big Government, 2010). The Big Government uses the word conquer to capture the attention of the already audience who are paranoid about terrorism and the perceived Islamization of America. The point that the proposed site is closer to the ground zero site would not attract serious readership without using the word conquer to tune the minds of the audience to imagine America infested by the perceived enemies. A good timeline is provided by the Salon (2010) traces the genesis of the controversy to posts done by Pamela Geller on the web Atlas Shrugs blog (2010), a source of anti-Muslim forum. Which insinuated about the impending perceived Islamization of America? Geller (2009) retorted that the construction of the mosque at the world trade centers site was about Islamic expansionism and domination. The term Islamization of America is a catch-phrase used to frame the story in order to agitate the American populace. He added that the Islamic center will instill and encourage the Qurans violent texts. This narrative, together with what exists in the Atlas Shrugs blog, is intentionally designed to direct the audience to a specific line of agitation against Muslim rights in America. In addition, from May, the New York Post picked up a story and Andrea Peyser (2010), the columnist who spread the propaganda that the center was to open on the September 11 in the year 2011, and used repetitively the term Ground Zero mosque in his references to the cultural center. This culminated into anti-Muslim debates as intended by the writer. This numerous use of the terminology of ground zero is use of numbers as a framing device. Contrast between media houses on framing The main contrast between the media houses was the gravity of reporting the extent of media framing. This is depicted in the work of Nisbet and Garrett (2010) whose analysis shown that FOX News was responsible for most of the rumors and misconceptions regarding the construction of the mosque at ground zero. Conclusion The concept of media framing can be used positively and effectively in various parts of the human society such as in effectively improving businesses instead of using it to trample on basic human rights. It is important that it be used since it can be used in eliciting the true meaning of certain events.

Large technology based corporation

1) Why carly didn’t come sooner to discuss project delay Carly knew she was the problem because she caused the delay by not delegating the project work to Morris and other team members. She wanted Morris and other team member to be blamed for non-performance. She wanted things to worsen so that other members can be sucked for he feared that they were more experienced than him. He mistreated them so that they can give up and quit the job. 2) Carly hasn’t had a conversation with Morris or vice versa about their differences This is because they lacked the skills of a good communicator. They did not have the ability to communicate to people at all levels. There was no clear communication about their responsibility, how they are supposed to perfom, goals and their expectations. Carly viewed Morris as her rival. She was negative about Morris and could not accept him. Carly thought Morris would contradict with her and disagree with her. She is feeling inferior to Morris because Morris had a higher level of degree than her. How they should respond They should be open to each other, negotiate effectively and persuade each other to ensure that success is achieved. This will support both individual and achievement of the team by getting guidelines on how to accomplish the results. They should get to understand one another and know where they contradict and accept one another the way he or she is. 3) Biggest problem with the way these team members interact They lack team building skills because they lack substances that hold the team together which is unity and cooperation to achieve common objective. They do not understand the process of transformation required to progress from being strangers to each other to being a single unit which is cohesive. There are no leadership styles to be used at each stage of developing the team. They lack understanding of each team player and how each of them can be used at the proper time to solve problem once it arise. What they could do to remedy the problem They should understand one another’s strengths and weaknesses and try to cope with them instead of avoiding each other. They should be ready to accept correction once they do a mistake knowing or not knowing. They should take advice given by those in higher authority and follow the instructions given to them. Problems should be shared once they arise and look for solutions together. Cooperation between team members should be emphasized and also unity in order to strengthen the team. 4) Should carly continue to serve as project manager? I think carly should not continue to serve as a project manager because she lacks the ability to delegate task, she is notable to check and control the project. She does not allow Morris and other team members to participate in the project in order to complete it. She is not delegating the work and at the same time not able to complete it by herself. Carly lacked leadership competence because she is not able to lead others successfully, she has not won any track record and has no ability to inspire team members, challenge or encourage them to put more effort in their job. For these reason, the post of the project manager should be given to another person who is experienced and committed to his job. 5) How I would begin to address this situation I would call carly, Morris and the team members together, listen to their problems and discuss the solutions together. Plan to remedy this problem Team building skills – the team should come together to achieve the objective of the corporation. The main objective would be to complete the project at the set time and strive to meet the deadline on when all the activities should be completed. Transformation – the team should understand each other, know their abilities and talents and know how each of them contributes to the sucess of the corporation. They should come up together and build a unit that utilizes all its ability to be successful. Leadership styles – the manager should know how to lead the team and offer advice where necessary. She should be listened to and his decision should be final even after conversation with the team members. The leader should have the ability to make wise decisions that will not mislead other team members. Understanding – they should know how each team member can be resourceful and know his contribution in solving problems. OUTLINE OF A PLAN FOR GETTING THE PROJECT BACK ON TRACK FOR JANUARY L RELEASE Introduction Key methods of preventing the failure of the project Beginning the project in the right way Prevent all the problems before you begin Finalize what is required of you  Agree on the scope of the project  organizing project to avoid problems  Know all the steps in planning  Finalize the objectives of the project  Get all the required resources and keep then  Know the duration taken to finish the project  Emphasize on preventing the problem rather than reaction  Get a realistic plan  Finalize on how to manage the project  Develop final plan of management and ensure it is approved  getting work done  Always stay focused and avoid time wasting. Ask questions to know how the project is going on  Know performance and how the project is doing  Retain corporation by use of rewards and building team  Update the plan to make sure the project always stays on track  proving your success  Confirm that the job is done to the requirements  Be signed off formerly by the manager  Celebrate success of the project REFERENCE Lewis James; Fundamentals of Project Management; Amacom Division Mgt,2002                     

New Step by Step Roadmap for Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade

New Step by Step Roadmap for Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade Think about your own personal experiencesor those of people that you know. Folks argue fracking is a powerful method to extract natural gas, but others argue it's too dangerous and is bad for the environment. Although some say completely free public transportation would assist the environment and decrease traffic, others think no cost public transportation is too costly, and the government can't afford to cover it. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no real way to provide a free college education as colleges would still have to be funded (likely through tax dollars). The major distinction is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion instead of a single opinion. The author of the persuasive essay should just have one focused opinion on the subject. Persuasive essay topics are ideal for students who l ove to share their opinion and to persuade others. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points. The Death of Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. As soon as you're prepared to produce a thesis, take a look at these Argumentative Thesis Statement Examples. This may be one of the greatest in Expository essay topics. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. A Secret Weapon for Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade Persuade your friend to see the movie you desire. Persuade your sister or brother that will help you talk your parents into something you would like to do. Everybody should have to exercise each day. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a challenging thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. You ought to avoid playing it too secure and shying away from a controversial matter. If it's so, then you might be having some challenging time for a student along with being a writer. Persuade your friend to follow your favourite band or maybe to read your favourite book. Books ought never to be banned. Children ought to be able to use cellphones in school. Kids ought to be able to vote. Students learn how to write effectively when they write more frequently. The 5-Minute Rule for Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade The cost of an essay is dependent upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. If you have a specific interest or passion for a subject then be sure you write about that. At the exact same tim e, it's a terrific persuasive essay idea. Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade and Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade - The Perfect Combination Pets should be permitted in school. Recycling should be mandatory for everybody. School should happen in the evenings. Schools should not have anything to do with ads. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Children should have to read more. We shouldn't need to pay for Internet access. The Persuasive Essay Topics for 11th Grade Game Polygamy ought to be banned. Weave in your perspective to earn your essay unique. Every argumentative essay ought to have an opposing view which can help you to prove you're right. Sample persuasive essays can also offer inspiration on topics to write on in addition to serve as examples about how to compose your essay. The significance of research in persuasive writing can't be overstated. It will be simpler that you compose a superior persuasive essay if it's a subject in which yo u have knowledge. Well, it's not that easy to pick the most effective persuasive essay topics from a pool of great suggestions. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to earn the reader want to talk about the interesting persuasive essay topics of your pick. There are a couple easy guidelines to follow to be able to be in a position to compose a decent persuasive essay. However you should research on the chosen theme to be able to add more knowledge.

Examples Of Literary Elements In The Necklace - 1375 Words

Many authors utilize literary elements to allow readers to predict the plot, using details, and visualize scenes, using imagery. Two examples of these short stories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupossant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† is about a materialistic woman who faces consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is about a man who experiences daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elements, Guy de Maupassant utilized them for readers to understand and enjoy the story more than James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† is a short story of a middle-class woman, Mathilde, who borrowed a necklace from a friend to seem†¦show more content†¦But mine was only paste. Why, at most it was worth only five hundred francs!† (Maupassant 204). At that moment, Madame Loisel, as well as the readers, learn all the debt Mathilde and her husband went through was for nothing. If she hadn’t worried the consequences from the truth, the hard labor could have been avoided. This is ironic because throughout the whole story the necklace represented something expensive and high class, when in reality it was a fake. The Necklace can be described as a story with many detailed and vivid sentences, making each scene come to life in the readers mind. Even though there are many of these occurrences, the most animated example was right after Mathilde and her husband paid for the replacement necklace. When describing Madame Loisel’s hard labor, it is said â€Å"She washed dish es, wearing down her shell-pink nails scouring the grease from pots and pans; she scrubbed dirty linen, shirts, and cleaning rags which she hung on a line to dry† (Maupassant 203). This created a visualization and feeling of hard work and exhaustion, which was exactly what Madame Loisel was going through. The details about her nails, for example, form an image of physical wear down. This is significant because in the beginning of â€Å"The Necklace† it is explained that Mathilde cares deeply about her outward appearance. Because of the expensive necklace they replaced, her materialisticShow MoreRelatedLiterary Elements In The Necklace And The Tiger1509 Words   |  7 Pages Authors have used literary elements to alter and enhance their readers’ experiences for centuries. Short stories are often full of these literary elements, giving the author the power to control and manipulate the emotions of everyone who reads their story. Whether it is through teaching an i mportant lesson about materialism and irony or inspiring thought provoking questions, the use of literary elements can illuminate any story. The short stories The Necklace and The Lady, or The Tiger are twoRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1381 Words   |  6 Pagesutilize literary elements to allow readers to predict the plot using details and visualize scenes using imagery. Two examples of these short stories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was about a materialistic woman who faced consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was about a man who experienced daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elementsRead MoreLiteray Analysis of The Necklace1155 Words   |  5 Pagesnature of greed. Guy De Maupassant, the author of The Necklace, perfectly shows how greed can le ad to bad outcomes in the short story. Guy De Maupassant, one of the fathers of the short story, was born on August 5th 1850. A quote representing the legacy of Maupassant French writer of short stories an novels of the naturalists school who is by general agreement the greatest french short story writers(Bennet). In his short story, The Necklace, Maupassant focuses mostly on greed. He portraysRead MoreThe Necklace And The Kiss By Guy De Maupassant1604 Words   |  7 PagesIn both the â€Å"The Necklace† and â€Å"The Kiss† both written by Guy De Maupassant are classic short stories that embody all literary elements. Like most short stories Maupassant takes the reader on many twists and turns, making the reader assume what is to happen next only to surprise you with what actually happens. In â€Å"The Necklace† social class, lust, and an unfortunate mistake lead a married couple to endure years of hardship. In â€Å"The Kiss† an experienced aunt wr ites a letter to her heartbroken nieceRead MoreStructural and Textural Irony Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary elements such as metaphors, similes, alliteration, the use of personification, and the use of irony are primary tools and building blocks for great literature. With the incorporation of literary elements, an insignificant story of occurrences can be transformed into a literary work of art presenting depth and purpose to its audience. While many short stories are flooded with a number of various literary elements, Zora Neale Hurstons Sweat, William Sydney Porters The Last Leaf, GuyRead MoreA Wasteful Fashion in The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1149 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks, and one volume of verse. In his short story, ‘The Necklace’, the main character, Mathilde Loisel, feels as if she should have been born rich but instead was born into a life of poverty. One day her husband, knowing Mathilde longed for this rich life, presented her with an opportunity to attend a rich party. After initially refusing, Mathilde finally agrees to go and goes out to buy a nice dress and borrow a beautiful diamond necklace to wear at the party and fit in with the rich crowd. WhenRead MoreShort Stories Of The Nineteenth Century1266 Words   |  6 PagesMaupassant to receive two very different kinds of upbringings. His debauched father, Gustave de Maupassant, saw no trouble in engaging his son in a similar life of titillation whereas his mother, Laure Le Poitevin, introduced him to English and Italian literary classics. He received his early education from his mother and later at a Lyceum. He began studying law in Paris at the age of nineteen which was cut short by the Franco-Prussian war of 1870, when he enrolled in the army. After his discharge and aRead MoreLiterary Elements In The Gift Of The Magi2148 Words   |  9 PagesAuthors use literary elements to enhance their writing through details to describe a scene in the author’s writing, or use language to elevate the story. â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† by O. Henry and â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, both use many literary elements to give their writing more depth. â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† uses irony throughout the story when Della and her husband, Jim, both do not have enough money to buy each other gifts for Christmas. â€Å"The Necklace† uses a lot of detail to show whatRead MoreThe Necklace, Mr. Maupassant910 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Necklace† Mr. Maupassant tells a story of a woman, Mrs. Loisel, who goes through many emotions over the loss of a necklace that ends up being a fake. As she goes through these situations Mr. Maupassant gives examples of literally elements that prove what kind of person she turns out to be. Throughout the story Mrs. Loisel is conflicted with many problems just to realize who she became and how she took advantage of what she already had in her life. When it turns out to be too late she thenRead MoreTheme Comparison3403 Words   |  14 PagesTheme Comparison: The Necklace amp; The Story of an Hour A short story, â€Å"The Necklace† (â€Å"La parure†) by Guy de Maupassant in 1884 and a poem, ‘The Story of an Hour† written by Kate Chopin in 1894 are literary works that are very comparable yet are different. The two women, Madame Mathilde Loisel and Louise Mallard, portrayed in these literary works are protagonists who have trouble because of conflicting expectations imposed on them by society. Both Mathilde Loisel and Louise Mallard want something